Human Trafficking in the United States Essay -- Modern-Day Slavery

In 2010, there were right around 30,000 Latino migrants in Durham, 90% of which were undocumented workers (Johnson). At first, most Latino migrants showed up in the southwest, however since the turn of the century, more have settled in new goals, for example, Durham, and different pieces of the Southeast, because of chances to work in low-talented occupations. Pushing powers that lead individuals to relocate incorporate better life openings, neediness because of war, political distress and treachery, and ecological catastrophes. Organizations give pulling variables to Latino movement by drawing in foreigners so as to accomplish modest work. The continued interest for modest work in the US offers undocumented migrants a chance to work and remain in a nation where they face unwelcoming mentalities. Two distinct circumstances can be recognized when taking a gander at illicit movement: individuals moving in light of human dealing, and individuals being carried unlawfully so as to locate a superior life. Work dealing is frequently snared with unlawful movement and sneaking (Barrick). Traffic...

To Tide You Over

To Tide You Over To Tide You Over To Tide You Over By Maeve Maddox Ditty Dedrick ponders about the articulation to hold one over: A fast Google search saw most people accept the idiom as tide me over versus tie me over. I found one apparently trustworthy site [that] upheld the inverse. Do you know the source of the announcement, and the right form? I found the site that shields the mistake tie me over. The blogger is firm in his/her conflict, however presents just genuine belief to help it. The word tide is from the Old English word for time or season. Yuletide, for instance, implies the period of Yule. German Zeit is related with tide. Tide importance rise and fall of the ocean came into utilization in the fourteenth century. This significance got from the idea of fixed time of high water. Early English utilized the words flod for elevated tide and ebba for low tide. Tide as an action word is recorded from the 1620s. Heres the OEDs meaning of the articulation to hold over: to get over or conquer (a trouble, time of pressure, and so on.) as though by ascending on the streaming tide, or by exploiting a positive tide. Speakers to whom the articulation tide over is new erroneously compose tie over: Diary Page To Tie You Over Generally, A Fast Cash Advance Loan Can Tie You Over Those Lean Moments To tie you over until our full audit lands, heres a first gander at the initial degrees of the battle It ought to be sufficient to tie you over until you get yourself another beau. Maybe these authors see the picture of individuals sticking to a rope, as opposed to somebody in a boat being borne up and conveyed by the tide. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowLoan, Lend, Loaned, LentWords That Begin with Q

The Link Between OCD and Schizophrenia

The Link Between OCD and Schizophrenia OCD Related Conditions Print The Link Between OCD and Schizophrenia By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 01, 2019 Schizophrenia Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Lilly Roadstones / Digital Vision / Getty Images If being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) isn’t challenging enough, imagine how it would feel to be faced with a separate mental disorder that affects your very ability to think, feel, or behave rationally. Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder, and its estimated that as many as 25 percent of people with schizophrenia also experience obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). About 12 percent fulfill the diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Schizophrenia and OCD are entirely independent of each other, both in their cause and symptoms, but share characteristics that place some individuals at higher risk of both. Understanding Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and difficulty grasping what is real and what is not. A person diagnosed with schizophrenia may experience an array of symptoms including  hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking and speech. There are many different  types of schizophrenia, some of which may be experienced with extreme paranoid and other with an unresponsive (catatonic) state. People with schizophrenia often have great difficulty in establishing and maintaining relationships as they struggle with distortions of reality and are less able t connect thought cohesively. An estimated one percent of the world population is diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is a major cause of disability in the U.S. with 85 percent of those affected unable to maintain employment. Suicide rates are high among people with schizophrenia, contributing to a decrease in average life expectancy of anywhere from 10 to 25 years. OCD and Schizophrenia Causes While the causes for the association remain unclear, OCD and schizophrenia do share a number of key similarities. Both disorders affect males and females equally, and both tend to manifest with symptoms around the end of adolescence. Interestingly, people who have been diagnosed with both conditions commonly report  OCD symptoms as their first sign of mental illness with symptoms usually appearing in the early teens. The disorders are also associated with imbalances in serotonin, a nerve-transmitting chemical that regulates everything from anxiety and memory to sleep. They also share links to a specific genetic mutation (known as SLC1A1) which predisposes some individuals to these illnesses. On the flip side, the use of certain atypical antipsychotic drugs  has been known to cause OCD symptoms in some people with schizophrenia. While no single factor can be considered the cause of OCD or schizophrenia, it is believed that a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors may, in fact, contribute. Comparing Delusions and Obsessions Scientists  have had difficulty in establishing the relationship between OCD and schizophrenia as a great many of their symptoms overlap. With that being said, doctors can often differentiate the disorders by the delusions seen in schizophrenia and the obsessions seen in OCD. Delusions  are defined as false thoughts that are held to be true despite evidence to the contrary. Often times, the affected person will feel that he or she possesses special powers, is being persecuted, or has an extraordinary connection to events, people, or objects that don’t exist. Moreover, persons experiencing a delusion will usually not recognize the irrationality of their thoughts.Obsessions, by contrast, are similar in that they are also irrational but are more related to concepts of uncleanliness, disorder, or asymmetry. And, unlike schizophrenic delusions, persons experiencing an obsession are usually aware of their irrationality and are simply unable to control it. While this is not always the case, of course, it does provide a framework by which psychiatrists can individually identify and treat the two  co-existing conditions. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Link Between OCD and Schizophrenia

The Link Between OCD and Schizophrenia OCD Related Conditions Print The Link Between OCD and Schizophrenia By Owen Kelly, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 01, 2019 Schizophrenia Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Lilly Roadstones / Digital Vision / Getty Images If being diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) isn’t challenging enough, imagine how it would feel to be faced with a separate mental disorder that affects your very ability to think, feel, or behave rationally. Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder, and its estimated that as many as 25 percent of people with schizophrenia also experience obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). About 12 percent fulfill the diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Schizophrenia and OCD are entirely independent of each other, both in their cause and symptoms, but share characteristics that place some individuals at higher risk of both. Understanding Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and difficulty grasping what is real and what is not. A person diagnosed with schizophrenia may experience an array of symptoms including  hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking and speech. There are many different  types of schizophrenia, some of which may be experienced with extreme paranoid and other with an unresponsive (catatonic) state. People with schizophrenia often have great difficulty in establishing and maintaining relationships as they struggle with distortions of reality and are less able t connect thought cohesively. An estimated one percent of the world population is diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is a major cause of disability in the U.S. with 85 percent of those affected unable to maintain employment. Suicide rates are high among people with schizophrenia, contributing to a decrease in average life expectancy of anywhere from 10 to 25 years. OCD and Schizophrenia Causes While the causes for the association remain unclear, OCD and schizophrenia do share a number of key similarities. Both disorders affect males and females equally, and both tend to manifest with symptoms around the end of adolescence. Interestingly, people who have been diagnosed with both conditions commonly report  OCD symptoms as their first sign of mental illness with symptoms usually appearing in the early teens. The disorders are also associated with imbalances in serotonin, a nerve-transmitting chemical that regulates everything from anxiety and memory to sleep. They also share links to a specific genetic mutation (known as SLC1A1) which predisposes some individuals to these illnesses. On the flip side, the use of certain atypical antipsychotic drugs  has been known to cause OCD symptoms in some people with schizophrenia. While no single factor can be considered the cause of OCD or schizophrenia, it is believed that a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors may, in fact, contribute. Comparing Delusions and Obsessions Scientists  have had difficulty in establishing the relationship between OCD and schizophrenia as a great many of their symptoms overlap. With that being said, doctors can often differentiate the disorders by the delusions seen in schizophrenia and the obsessions seen in OCD. Delusions  are defined as false thoughts that are held to be true despite evidence to the contrary. Often times, the affected person will feel that he or she possesses special powers, is being persecuted, or has an extraordinary connection to events, people, or objects that don’t exist. Moreover, persons experiencing a delusion will usually not recognize the irrationality of their thoughts.Obsessions, by contrast, are similar in that they are also irrational but are more related to concepts of uncleanliness, disorder, or asymmetry. And, unlike schizophrenic delusions, persons experiencing an obsession are usually aware of their irrationality and are simply unable to control it. While this is not always the case, of course, it does provide a framework by which psychiatrists can individually identify and treat the two  co-existing conditions. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Franklin Pierce - 1198 Words

Franklin Pierce, one of eight children of Benjamin and Anna Kendrick Pierce, was born in Hillsborough, N. H., on Nov. 23, 1804. His father had served in the American Revolution and later became governor of New Hampshire. Pierce was educated at Hillsborough Center, Hancock Academy, and Bowdoin College, from which he graduated in 1824 after advancing from last place to fifth from the top of his class. In 1829, he was elected to the state legislature, two years after his father won election to the governorship. Pierce was then chosen Speaker of the House in 1831. Franklin Pierce was elected to the United States House of Representatives, where he voted the Democratic party line on nearly all issues. Life in Washington took its toll on†¦show more content†¦With the President and his wife still in mourning when they moved to Washington, the White House was a dark and gloomy place. Because of Jane Pierces frail health, opposition to drinking, and her depression over the loss of her child, social functions at the White House were almost unheard of during the first half of the Pierce administration. In its later stages, she did manage some appearances at events there, but she came to be known as The Shadow in the White House. Franklin Pierce came to office during a period of growing tension between the North and South. Pierce was behind one of the most crucial pieces of legislation in American history. Although he did not author the Kansas-Nebraska Act, he did encourage its passage by Congress. And that piece of legislation set the nation on its path to civil war. Janes disgust with the political life in Washington must have been behind Pierces decision to resign from the Senate in 1841. Subsequently, he served in the Mexican-American War, and in something of a surprise was elected President in 1852. Franklin Pierces life following the presidency proved no happier than his life during it. He spent most of the pre-Civil War years in Europe, mulling his political misfortunes. When the Civil War erupted, Pierce voiced support for the northern cause, which was ironic in light of his earlier proslavery stance. But Pierce, a loyal Democrat, did not support the new president, Abraham Lincoln. In fact, PierceShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Franklin Pierce Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesCollege Transition 28 November 2016 Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce once stated â€Å"There s nothing left to do but to get drunk.† Alcohol, drug use, and regret was the theme of his presidency. I believe if Franklin Pierce wasn’t elected president the country would have been better: slavery might have ended earlier, Cuba might have become a state in the United States, and Abraham Lincoln might have not been assassinated. Franklin Pierce was born on November 23, 1804 in HillsboroughRead MoreThe Story Of My Search1050 Words   |  5 Pagesthe day we are born until the day we take our last breath. Emily Annabelle Pierce is the name given to me by my parents. I did not choose this name or change it in any way. My parents named me this before they knew me, but my names parallel a lot with my character. Before my teacher assigned this project, I knew little about my name. I knew that my parents named me Annabelle after my great grandmother. I thought that Pierce was Irish because I knew we were of Irish descent on my father’s side of theRead MoreGarry Boulard Is Renowned Free-Lance Writer Who Specializes1148 Words   |  5 Pagespublished in 1998 and his 2006 biography on President Franklin Pierce, The Expatriation of Franklin Pierce: The Story of a President and the Civil War, garnered praise from historical experts across the nation and is listed by the Library of Congress Web Guide in their â€Å"Franklin Pierce: A Resources Guide.† While Boulard background is primarily in the history of Louisiana politics, his accounts of presidents such as Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Pierce, and James Buchanan, have all received high praisesRead MoreEssay about Politics and Money886 Words   |  4 Pagesand humanity require, but to what the Constitution and their duty require. In 1854, President Franklin Pierce vetoed a bill intended to help the mentally ill championed by the renowned 19th-century social reformer Dorothea Dix. In the face of scathing criticism, President Pierce said, I cannot find any authority in the Constitution for public charity. To approve such spending, President Pierce added, would be contrary to the letter and the spirit of the Constitution and subversive to the wholeRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Birth Mark 1784 Words   |  8 Pages Though he had spent much of his early life in seclusion, Hawthorne eventually emerged from this period. He enrolled into Bowdoin College due to its close proximity to his immediate family; among his closest friends from college were Franklin Pierce and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (Wright 4). Hawthorne launched his writing career around the same time that he began his college education, and he later undertook a literary apprenticeship that lasted over a decade; perhaps regretta bly, he â€Å"occasionallyRead MoreRobert Pierce, Commonly Referred To As Bob, Was Born In1437 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Pierce, commonly referred to as Bob, was born in Fort Dodge, Iowa in 1914. In his youth, his family moved to Southern California, where he would stay through college. Pierce went to Pasadena Nazarene College to prepare for ministry. In the mid-1930s, Pierce worked as a traveling evangelist in California. Later, he settled in Los Angeles and got connected with the Youth for Christ movement. He became a full-time traveling evangelist for Youth for Christ in 1947. This position allowed him theRead MoreThe Search For Happiness By Benjamin Franklin And Jonathan Edwards1616 Words   |  7 PagesFor Happiness As two prominent heroes of the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards mastered the art of religious theology and the sciences. Although their uprisings differed, they shared a drive for success and individual approach. Sharing an interest in similar fields, their ideals of religion and fulfillment became very different, which helped shape their own future endeavors. I will consider Edwards and Franklin to be a few of the last â€Å"Do it all† men of the 18th century. JonathanRead MoreAnalysis Of George Washingtons Farewell Speech1450 Words   |  6 PagesCongress from speaking of matters about slavery and the states needed slaves for produce, economy and labor, the Northeast wanted an end to slavery claiming it went against the values of the Revolution, Congress can change the conditions, and Benjamin Franklin, whose credentials were known internationally, and many other well-known political figures, such as Madison and Washington, signed the petition, and supported the anti-slavery movement. Thomas Scott of Pennsylvania acknowledged that the ConstitutionRead MoreI’M Doing This Essay On Which Of The Presidents We Think1015 Words   |  5 Pagespresidents that we think are the best are Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, John F. Kennedy, Teddy Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B Johnson, Woodrow Wilson, Thomas Jefferson, Ronald Reagan. While some of the presidents I think are the worst are George W. Bush, Zachary Taylor, Ulysses S. Grant, John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, William Henry Harrison, Franklin Pierce, Andrew Johnson, Warren G Harding, James Buchanan. (Great introduction!) (Provide more of a preview for aRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt as a Leader845 Words   |  4 PagesRoosevelt’s media interactions highlight her adaptability as a leader. She exemplifies the tenets of the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX). â€Å"LMX describes how leaders, over time, develop different exchanged relationships with their various followers† (Pierce and Newstrom, 2008, p. 27). One relationship leaders develop is a hierarchical group of followers, with an â€Å"in-group† getting better assignments, more communication, and a higher level of regard than the outer group. Her in-group followers were

Cheating and Plagiarism - The Plague of Plagiarism Essay

The Plague of Plagiarism Simply defined, the word plagiarism means the unauthorized use of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as ones own (Plagiarism). While many students understand and comprehend the first clause of this definition, many encounter problems with the second part - the thoughts part. Many students in todays educational system are frequently unable to develop their own thoughts, opinions, and ideas relating to the subject matter that they are studying. However, when people at a university are educated according to the ways set forth by John Henry Newman in The Idea of a University, their ability to create original concepts would be cultivated to the†¦show more content†¦. . followed by parental pressure (Clayton 187). The solution to this problem lies within the framework for education laid by John Henry Newman. Newman states that students at a university should and will learn to respect others as well as develop a clear atmos phere of thought (48). This will then lead them to be able to think more independently and therefore rely more on their own intellectual skills than those of others. If and when the ideals of John Henry Newman are followed rather closely, the ability of all students to reason autonomously will increase dramatically and, thereby, decrease the amount of cheating. Since the ultimate purpose of a university is to prepare people to be good citizens in society (Newman 48), and according to Jeffrey Hart, students in a university should become citizens after they complete college (131), if cheating is minimized at university level, it will also reduce in the society. In this context, citizens should be wholesome people who are able to give back to society, the honesty they have learned in the university; once they are a part of it. The university, also, has an aim of purifying the national taste and raising the intellectual tone of society as a whole (Newman 49). Cheating and plagiarism are not a part of this noble aim, neither of them improves any part of society. On the contrary, they are a boar on society, a plague that mustShow MoreRelatedPlagiarism And Its Impact On Ethics939 Words   |  4 PagesPlagiarism â€Å"Plagiarism is defined as the borrowing of ideas, opinions, examples, key words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, or even structure from another person s work, including work written or produced by others without proper acknowledgment.† - The definiton of plagiarism is taken from the mentioned link :https://www.ucmo.edu/student/documents/honest.pdf Is it ubiquitous in education sector ? Well ,Yes ! The internet is taken by storm on the number of research papers, articles and blogs onRead MorePlagiarism And The Reasons College Students1618 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the substance, the bulk, the actual and valuable material of all human utterances— is plagiarism. Plagiarism damages reputations, both personal and universal; it promotes mediocrity, extinguishes creativity, limits educational experiences and exsanguinates learning. Metaphorically speaking, if a deadly virus is left untreated, an epidemic will begin and eventually will deplete a population. Plagiarism acts as a fastidious, pathogenic, virus infecting others with a mentality of mediocrity andRead MoreAction Plan and Annotated Bibliography on Maintaining Academic Honesty1390 Words   |  6 Pagesin the education process. Academic dishonesty is, therefore, wrong in all forms and is not justifiable. There are several things that constitute academic dishonesty. These include cheating in exams by using illegal materials, accessing undue assistance, and impersonation. Another form of academic dishonesty is plagiarism and presentation of falsified information. These examples are not exhaustive but present main issues that I need to tackle (C; Triggle D; Triggle, 2007). However, the academic institutionsRead MoreEssay on The Internet and Plagiarism1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internet and Plagiarism The World Wide Web is larger than any one person can imagine. There are an infinite amount of links to libraries and other sources of information. There are numerous search engines, such as Yahoo, which make researching really easy. We can find anything that we want on line, because there are no boundaries to our explorations, and there are no laws to stop us. You can find anything from socks to guns. People can even find completed research papers online; theyRead MoreGen 200 - Academic Integrity Paper2577 Words   |  11 Pagesacademic integrity. College and university administrators have created new policies, codes of conduct, and training programs to counteract the negative impact of the Internet. Several online resources have been created to allow students to check for plagiarism yet the problem persists. Academic dishonesty in all forms was not created by the Internet, but has always existed. Students can employ several strategies to avoid academic dishonesty. Academic int egrity or dishonesty remains the choice of eachRead MoreThe Future of Academic Honesty - Paper5010 Words   |  21 Pages91 THE FUTURE OF ACADEMIC HONESTY Peggy Choong, Niagara University Bob S. Brown, Marshall University Graduate College ABSTRACT Cheating has permeated many facets of American life. Reports on cheating are found in business, the media and on college campuses. Perhaps one of the more disturbing trends is reports on increasing cheating among grade and high school teachers and administrators. This makes the behavior, motivation and training of education students relevant for scrutiny. The paper examines

Dirty Facts About Creativity Essay Samples Revealed

Dirty Facts About Creativity Essay Samples Revealed Yet, divergence is a significant theme that plays an important part in the advertising creativity. A shift is definitely brought about in our everyday lives by application of creativity to it. The connection between creativity and problem solving are correlated, meaning that when you own a problem you will need to get a remedy to it, and when you're thinking about the solution you're thinking in many distinct approaches and there is when creativity is useful, creativity helps us a lot when seeking to address an issue, by solving it in many ways. Creativity plays an important function in the creation of new and advanced ideas. It is a large and complex topic. It can also be brought about by frustration, as well as emotional tension. It mainly comes from the person's faculty. Thus, it's vital that we encourage the use of creativity now to grow the stream of innovative thoughts and grant students success in the long-term. Some innovations made are in ignored just because the true problem they should solve isn't understood. Consequently, creativity presents an assortment of management challenges and it might call for substantial tangible investment. When evaluating an environment to evaluate its effectiveness in supporting creativity in children you must ask yourself a couple questions. Quite simply, creativity is triggered by presence of an issue and the should solve it. Many creative men and women suffer from Bipolar too. They have always needed to be an essential part in our society back in the day and even today. Most individuals would acknowledge that creativity is typically a process, instead of a flash of inspiration coming from nowhere, but again this isn't always true. All About Creativity Essay Samples Due to the rise in the variety of individuals accessing the world wide web as well popularity of social websites such as Facebook, the demand for catchy and premium quality advertisement has dramatically increased. Even though there is an elongated understanding of the value of being creative in advertising, no conclusive research was done concerning its effectiveness. Thus, creativity has come to be an essential part of advertising. It's therefore imperative to take into account creativity in advertising in lots of distinct scenarios. For the reason, the notion of relevance and divergence can be useful in regards to what people create, including advertisements. It's a whole lot more primal desire to wish to be loved. When the attention of the purchaser was captured, keeping it's the next target. I have to bring awareness about the value of creativity in the health care region and the manner it plays a crucial part in the future of medicine. What's Truly Going on with Creativity Essay Samples Many artists are diagnosed with different sorts of depression. Children are known to be quite creative at quite a young age. Facts, Fiction and Creativity Essay Samples There's, naturally, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. Moreover, alcoholic drinks (for instance, wine) co uld be a great topic for the creative activities themselves. Being the scenario, investing a little amount to have the ability to foster creativity at work is indeed well worth it as a result of the advantages that can be gotten from such endeavor. To begin with, there's the workforce whose work is to produce and conduct a creative plan. You need to be equipped with a particular talent to be able to be efficiently innovative. As a result of this simple fact the children find the range of equipment and the simple fact which they can access about 75% by themselves very satisfying and gives them an awareness of independence. This encompasses personality features linked with creativeness and the capacity to observe things from a different position. College life includes writing essays and application letters whether you're in the discipline of company or literature. Writing skills in college isn't restricted to essays. To offer you a remedy about how to compose an impressive college essay, here are some hints you may wish to consider. Writing a college essay can arrive in various forms and styles based on your taste. Intro tighe hopkins 98 essay questions that you begin. Admissions essay topic, lawrenceville, ensure you begin. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline.

Food Security and Alleviating Poverty †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Ensuring Sustainable Food Security and Alleviating Poverty. Answer: Introduction: The issue of food insecurity is rising to alarming levels globally. Countries in the African continent and other third world countries are experiencing deaths out of starvation and malnourishment. There is a rapid population growth globally and, the number surpasses the amount of food produced. The Food and Agriculture Organization (2013) defines food insecurity as the insufficient food supply, and or the unavailability of a balanced diet to the population. A United Nations report pointed out that approximately 21,000 people die globally out of starvation. According to Gregory, Ingram and Brklacich (2005), the world is witnessing more death out of hunger in the recent years than in the historical years. Moreover, estimated 2.6 million children under the age of 5 years die out of malnourishment globally (Ghosh 2010). The statistics pronounce the grave issue of food shortage globally with the third world countries being the most affected. According to Ghosh (2010), 10 million people we re in dire need of food assistance in the African continent by the year 2010. FAO (2013) claim that approximately 12.9% of the global population is at a risk of starvation. With the world population expected to hit 9 billion by the year 2050, effective and necessary interventions have to be put in place to ensure the countries can feed their citizens. Feeding the estimated 9 billion people in the world by 2050 will be a challenge (Thomas 2010). The evaluation criteria would be the assessment of whether there is enough daily food for a given populace with the assumptions that there is an accurate statistical prediction on population growth and food production. However, the criterion is faced by a constraint of lack of enough data in some section of the world that would aid in the consolidation of food security global statistics. The increase of global outcry on food shortages has received attention from different corners of the world and major stakeholders. Various interventions have been put in place to try and curb the crisis. There has been an increase in monetary donations from multilateral organizations and foreign governments in an attempt to control short-term effects of food shortages and designing long term solutions. In 2008 the World Bank embarked on a $1.2 billion financing program to save the lives of vulnerable groups in starving nations (Stewart, Norton, Madanat and Stewart 2008). The financial aid aimed at immediately solving the issue of hunger pangs among women and children in twenty countries facing food shortage. Additionally, the World Bank through the Global Food Resource program earmarked $651 million to be distributed to eleven countries for different projects such as food imports and securing planting seeds for upcoming planting seasons (Schaefer, Lieberman and Riedl 2008). Thus, the World Bank has been in the forefront with financial aids to help save lives of people facing starvation. Moreover, the institution has been helping farmers in developing countries access funds to buy farm inputs in an attempt to achieve sufficient food supplies in third world countries. In July of 2008, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) flagged off a $21 million financial aid to forty-eight countries to undertake different projects aimed at providing food security to the countries (Stewart, Norton, Madanat and Stewart 2008). The donations targeted to provide seeds and fertilizers to farmers of the affected countries. Different stakeholders have proposed that financing developing countries help them purchase farm inputs during planting seasons goes a wrong way to curb the issue of food insecurity. Moreover, the acting stakeholders have proposed the drafting and implementation of effective policies by the governments of affected countries. Adoption of policies that favor agricultural activities goes a long way to ensuring food security in the country. Creation of policies that supports increased agricultural production will result in sustainable agricultural development (CIDA 2008). Making simple and clear policies on issues such as land tenure and environmental regulations compliance will promote maximum participation of farming activities among the local population. UNCTAD has been helping local governments launch domestic investment through appropriate policies and starting important institutions (UNCTAD 2008). Putting up measures that encourage the local to engage in agricultural activities ensure there is adequate workforce able to generate the required food in the country and enough to export. Additionally, there have been interventions by international players drafting a ppropriate unilateral and supportive government-government policies to help support food production and imports. In adoption to these systems in 2008, Countries such as Ghana eliminated export duties of commodities such as wheat and rice while Guyana supplied planting seeds for free for her citizens (Tagtow 2016). Furthermore, effective international policies on trade led countries such as India removing export bans for rice and China readily availing diesel fuels for use on farm machinery during planting and harvesting (Von Braun 2009). The proposed change of policies or adoption of new policies has led to the individual governments taking responsibilities in ensuring they achieve food security. In response to the alarming food insecurity globally, the stakeholders have proposed the use of biotechnology to help improve food production. Adoption of technology in farming helps eliminate traditional agricultural practices and deals with issues such as weather predictability and depleted soil (Scott 2016). Use of technology and science will come up with useful tools to scan the soils and crops and help customize inputs such as fertilizers for the specific plants. Technology helps farmers using multi-crop machines to plant a variety of crops under many varying conditions (Dobermann and Nelson 2013). The use of technology will allow many farmers in different areas farm sustainably through the planting of various crops on one piece of land and curb pest and disease problems (Wambugu 2014). Being able to what crop will do well in certain conditions will allow farmers know what inputs to purchase. Additionally, being able to farm different crops will avail a variety of nutrients to t he country and fight malnourishment. Moreover, the stakeholders have adopted genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food production to help generate enough food within short times. According to Vergragt (2006) biotechnology in food production will raise the threshold of food suppliers significantly. Using technology to grow genetically modified plants will allow improved nutrients in a variety of crops as opposed to what is found in nature (Floros et al. 2010). Technology in production has proved to be successful for the generation of a wide variety of crops with many improved nutrients. Hence, the stakeholders propose the use of technology to accelerate food production globally and ensure food security. There has been a proposal to increase investment in agricultural-based research to improve food production and enhance food safety. Lee (2007) notes that undertaking adequate and relevant research on farm technologies and how to improve crop will help battle the issue of hunger in the world. The active research will give recommendations on available options to handle issues of pest and notorious weeds, how to produce high yield and nutritious crops and ability to bleed crops for better yields. The farming research will reveal unproductive traditional agricultural practices and paves the way for more improved methods with better results (Smith 2013). Moreover, through research, scientists have been able to come up with a better way of producing foods such as meat. Scientists can grow synthetic meat using the animal stem cells (Godfray and Garnett 2014). The investment in such research projects that result into ways of growing cultivated meat will come up with other effective ways to p roduce enough food for the world. Using a single cell meat, researchers can produce meat equivalent to an annual meat demand. Similarly, the use of research has been proposed to help generate enough food for the world with very minimal resources. The study interventions will contribute substantially to solving food insecurity in the world. In a bid to curb the hunger menace, there has been a proposal to increase food aid to countries at risk of famine. According to Porter et al. (2014), there is a constant need of emergency food today and in future in most third world countries and requires a broader response. Immediate food assistance and nutrition intervention are proposed as a way to handle the crisis and stabilize the situation. The improvements of emergency food aid will ensure efficient, predictable and sustainable food assistant system (Lipper 2014). Thus, having an improved emergency food assistance will help counter the intensity of food insecurity in countries that vulnerable to the crisis. The problem of food insecurity has generated solutions and proposal from various stakeholders such monetary donations to buy farm inputs and import foods and improved policies to help improve local agricultural productions and unrestricted exports. Additionally, the stakeholders have adopted technology in food production and suggested the carrying out of agricultural researches to come up with better ways of farming. Moreover, there is a plea to increase emergency food aid reserved for countries vulnerable to food shortages. However, I would propose the collection and processing of edible wild fruits to be stored and, given to vulnerable citizens at times of hunger by individual governments. Processing wild fruits will ensure that they dont go to waste whenever people have foods and would be limited or unavailable when the country face starvation. The processing and canning will ensure they are stored for a long time. Additionally, fruits have nutritional value and, would not only feed the nation during starvation but prevent malnutrition. Additionally, individual governments should reward farmers with a history of farming on more than one acre of land with an extra acre free of a lease and provide them with free farm inputs with the provision of selling the output to the government. By doing this, the government will encourage people with large trucks land to farm and generate enough food to the country. This is different from simply the incentive of providing agricultural inputs to farmers. The incentives will bring confidence to farmers that there is an agreement with the government to buy their produce and will not worry about the market. This will stop the constructing of houses in huge tracks of lands and encourage farming, Hence, yield a more food secure country. The multilateral organizations in collaboration with the individual government should hire local agriculture experts with proved competencies in their respective product farming. The experts should be trained further before being assigned to particular farmers with large tracks of lands in the country to help them farm the same product for one year. The process will ensure farmers with immense potentials, and land resources have daily help and monitoring and eventually grow their expertise. The expert should be transferred to another farmer after the end of planting season; this will ensure farmers get educations of best farming practices. The process is different from farmers learning from scientific research from the media and lacks support to implement the knowledge. I select the idea of the individual government rewarding farmers in the country with a proved history and consistency of farming in more than one-acre piece of land. The government should give the farmers an extra acre free of a lease and free farm inputs with an agreement to buy their produce. This solution is the best over the others as it directly involves the locals in the production. In this incentive, the government will seek to generate natural food though willing people compared to the collection of wild fruits that will be canned and preserved. Additionally, compared to the involvement of the multilateral organization in training experts, there is the lack of self will from farmers. Hence, the chosen solution capitalizes on the willingness and potential of farmers who lacks enough resources. Using the criteria of history and consistency in farming on one acre, the government will be able to select people who enjoy farming and have potential to produce more food in the country and could only be hindered by the lack of resources. Individuals who have the passion for doing something ensures they give their best towards the task they are carrying out. Similarly, farmers who engage in agricultural activities willingly and passionately will utilize the extra acre to give the country more food. Additionally, the farmers will get free farm inputs and will only invest in labor and skills. The incentive will motivate people with unused tracks of lands to engage in farming activities targeting the rewards from the government. The incentives will ensure people reclaim idol land and minimize constructions of houses in rural areas to participate in a more rewarding agricultural activity. Moreover, the farmers will have an assurance of their produce market. Market availability is one bothering issue among farmers. The certainty of the buyer will bring confidence to the farmers and enabled them to put their best. The move will boost food production in the countries susceptible to food insecurity. The proposed solutions will involve different stakeholders in the implementation. These are the Government, the farmers, farm input sellers and other citizens. The government will raise enough food to secure the Country during starvation period The government will reclaim idol lands and put them to use The government will encourage other farmers with vast tracks of lands to venture into farming The government will create employment in the country Harms The Cost of supporting such incentive is expensive and may halt other developments projects The farmers might not be honest with returns and sell to middlemen The farms might not yield expected returns and might waste the resources Benefits The farmers will make a decent life out of farming. The farmers will be self-employed and will be independent There will be readily available market for the produce The producers will create employment to other citizens The farmers will get local and international recognition for feeding the country The farmers will be more productive with the extra piece of land from the government Harms The farmers might have to spend more time in the lands The unpredictable weather might ruin the farmers hard work The farmers might sell the produce to the government at a lower price during bumper harvests The farmers might not have the power to sell food from their lands to profitable middlemen Benefits There will be an increase in sales of farm inputs There will be constant demand for farm inputs The price of the farm inputs will go up due to increase in demand Harms The government might decide to import farm inputs Benefits The citizens will have enough suppliers of food The cost of farm produce will be cheap No citizen will ever die of hunger There will be employment opportunities for many people There will be possibility of receiving the incentives when they farm in their idol lands Harms They government may never buy their produce There may be housing problems due to lands been used for farming The bureaucratic process used by many governments used to give subsidies in the agriculture sectors has been tedious. Support protocols have led to inputs diversion and being used by the unintended population (Lal, Hansen and Uphoff 2016). The money is received from the government treasury and channeled to the ministry of agriculture. The ministry channel to the cereal boards and local authority who distribute to farmers. However, there is a need for a review for path used to get the support to farmers. The incentives from the national government should be channeled to the ministry of agriculture, cereals board, national farmers representatives, local authority, areas farmer representatives and to farmers. The inclusion of the farmers representative allows for transparency in the process and prevents mishandling of inputs. Rewarding farmers with proved history of constant farming in more than one Acre with an Extra piece of Acre and agricultural inputs will ensure the government work with willing and passionate farmers towards food security. Supporting willing people with enough resources in the process will ensure the country securing enough food for the citizens. The individual government should strive to establish hardworking farmers in the country and provide free farm inputs and extra pieces of land. The farmers possess the will to farm but are challenged by the lack of resources. Supporting the farmers will ensure they attain their maximum potential. The farmers should give their best to ensure the incentive provided yield reasonable returns to feed the country. References Canadian International Development Agency., 2008. Increasing Food Security. CIDAS Food Security Stragety. Dobermann, A. and Nelson, R., 2013. Opportunities and solutions for sustainable food production. Background paper for the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda. Prepared by the co-chairs of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network Thematic Group on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Production. Food and Agriculture Organization., 2013. FAO policy on gender equality: attaining food security goals in agriculture and rural development. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Floros, J.D., Newsome, R., Fisher, W., Barbosa?Cnovas, G.V., Chen, H., Dunne, C.P., German, J.B., Hall, R.L., Heldman, D.R., Karwe, M.V. and Knabel, S.J., 2010. Feeding the world today and tomorrow: the importance of food science and technology. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 9(5), pp.572-599. Ghosh, J., 2010. The unnatural coupling: Food and global finance.Journal of Agrarian Change,10(1), pp.72-86. Godfray, H.C.J. and Garnett, T., 2014. Food security and sustainable intensification. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 369(1639), p.20120273. Gregory, P.J., Ingram, J.S. and Brklacich, M., 2005. Climate change and food security.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences,360(1463), pp.2139-2148 Lal, R., Hansen, D.O. and Uphoff, N. eds., 2016. Food security and environmental quality in the developing world. CRC Press. Lee, R., 2007. Food security and food sovereignty. Centre for Rural Economy Discussion Paper Series, 11, pp.1-16. Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell, B.M., Baedeker, T., Braimoh, A., Bwalya, M., Caron, P., Cattaneo, A., Garrity, D., Henry, K. and Hottle, R., 2014. Climate-smart agriculture for food security. Nature Climate Change, 4(12), pp.1068-1072. Porter, J.R., Xie, L., Challinor, A.J., Cochrane, K., Howden, S.M., Iqbal, M.M., Lobell, D.B. and Travasso, M.I., 2014. Chapter 7: Food security and food production systems. Cambridge University Press. Schaefer, B.D., Lieberman, B. and Riedl, B.M., 2008. Addressing the Global Food Crisis. Heritage Foundation Background Paper No, 2151. Scott, P., Thomson, J., Grzywacz, D., Savary, S., Strange, R., Ristaino, J.B. and Korsten, L., 2016. Genetic modification for disease resistance: a position paper. Food Security, 8(4), pp.865-870. Smith, P., 2013. Delivering food security without increasing pressure on land. Global Food Security, 2(1), pp.18-23. Stewart, T.P., Norton, S.J., Madanat, J.G. and Stewart, H.E., 2008. The Global Food Crisis: Urgent Need and Emerging Solutions. Sustainable Dev. L. Pol'y, 9, p.31. Tagtow, A., 2016. Food security and urban agriculture. In Sowing Seeds in the City (pp. 11-22). Springer Netherlands. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development,. 2008. Addressing the Global Food Crisis. Key trade, investment and commodity policies in ensuring sustainable food security and alleviating poverty. Vergragt, P.J., 2006. How technology could contribute to a sustainable world. GTI Paper Series, 28. Von Braun, J., 2009. Addressing the food crisis: governance, market functioning, and investment in public goods. Food Security, 1(1), pp.9-15. Wambugu, F.M., 2014. The Importance of Political Will in Contributions of Agricultural Biotechnology Towards Economic Growth, Food and Nutritional Security in Africa. In Biotechnology in Africa (pp. 1-11). Springer International Publishing.

The Free Will Controversy Essays - Desiderius Erasmus,

The Free Will Controversy The Free Will Controversy Between the years of 1524 and 1527, Erasmus Desiderius and Martin Luther were tangled up in an interesting controversy (Bainton 187). This controversy surprisingly did not involve the authority of the pope, the nature of the church, indulgences, or any of the other practices that each man equally detested. It involved the philosophical topic regarding the question of free or enslaved will (Faulkner 171). Preserved Smith defines free will as the power to apply ones self to the things that make for salvation (348). This controversy was bound to happen for a number of reasons. First of all, Luther was becoming violent in his words and actions in general. Secondly, Luther made himself a target by his assertion in the Heidelberg Disputation of 1518. Luther's exact words were, Free will, after the fall, even when doing the best it can, commits a mortal sin. These two factors led Erasmus to speak out against Luther in De Libero Artitrio (On Free Will). Luther eventually answered back furiously in De Servo Arbitrio (On Enslaved Will) (Bainton 186-7). This was a superior work which explains to historians why Luther prevails in the end (Zweig 139). Erasmus was one of the most intelligent people of his century. Today however, he remains in the minds of most people as nothing more than another name (Zweig 3). In his time, he was the leader of all scholars in Europe from Germany to Italy and Spain and from England to Hungary as well. He stands above the other humanists and forerunners of the reformation (Schaff 402). His great mission was to bring back the spirit of classical and Christian Antiquity (Smith 33-4). Preserved Smith describes the first part of his life, specifically until 1524, as being progressive and reformatory; the second, until his death in 1536, he says was, conservative and reactionary (402). He is described as being somewhat of a nomad, never staying in the same place for more than eight years (48). Compared to his contemporaries, Erasmus did more than his share in preparing the church for the reformation (Schaff 402). Historians refer to Erasmus as the, illegitimate son of a Dutch priest named Gerard, and Margaret (Schaff 404). He was born in Rotterdam on October 27, in the 1466 or 1467 (Faulkner 30). He received his early education at Utrecht and then at Deventer where he began to impress people with his talents. Within him was a love was a passion for books and at the age of just 12, he knew Horace and Terence by memory (Schaff 404). When his father died, he was taken care of by three guardians. Their goal was to have him become a priest which gave them the power to rob him of his inheritance. They placed him in the house of the Brethren of the Common Life at Hertogenbusch. While there, Erasmus calls their houses as, seminaries of monasticism, and refers to their teachers as a, destruction to good intellect. They did not come close to destroying Erasmus's intellect. A few years later, his guardians convinced him to enter a monastery. He entered the Augustinian monastery against his will where he would spend five extremely unhappy years (Faulkner 323). After this, Erasmus went on to achieve his fame in doing the things he always wanted to do (Schaff 407-9). Despite the fact that Erasmus and Luther had many difference, there were ways in which they were similar. Both of them advocated a return to antiquity and an excitement for the golden age of Christianity and pagan Rome. They both had an interest in revolts against the mediaeval scholasticism. Another similarity lies in their child-hoods. They were both born into an era of individualism. Also, they grew up in cities that had recently developed in the same bourgeois class (Smith 321). Many differences between these two men led to their quarrel. Some of these differences were physical. Luther was the son of a minor. This along with his inborn energies made him the rougher of the two. Luther is quoted as saying, I gorge like a Bohemian and gulp down my liquor like a German (Zweig 132). Luther also spoke in a powerful German voice that was

Why You Should Not Mix Alcohol and Bleach

Why You Should Not Mix Alcohol and Bleach Mixing alcohol and bleach is never a good idea, as the combination results in chloroform, a powerful sedative that can cause you to pass out. You should always be careful when handling these chemicals. Chemical Reaction Ordinary household bleach contains sodium hypochlorite, which reacts with ethanol or isopropyl alcohol to produce chloroform (CHCl3), hydrochloric acid  (HCl),  and other compounds, such as chloroacetone or dichloroacetone. Unintentional mixing of these chemicals could occur from trying to clean up a spill using bleach or from mixing cleaners together. Bleach is highly reactive and forms dangerous compounds when mixed with any number of chemicals, so its best to avoid combining it with other products. Dangers of Chloroform Chloroform is a dangerous chemical that irritates the eyes, respiratory system, and skin. It can damage the nervous system, eyes, lungs, skin, liver, kidneys, and other organs and may even cause cancer. The chemical is readily absorbed into the body through the skin and through inhalation and ingestion. If you suspect that you have been exposed to chloroform, remove yourself from the contaminated area and seek medical attention. Chloroform is a potent anesthetic that can knock you out. It is also the cause of sudden sniffers death, a fatal cardiac arrhythmia some people experience upon exposure. Over time, chloroform in the presence of oxygen (as in air) naturally degrades to produce phosgene, dichloromethane, carbon monoxide, formyl chloride, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen chloride. Even once the chloroform has broken down, you should avoid these chemicals. Phosgene, for example, is a notorious chemical agent. It was responsible for around 85 percent of the deaths from chemical weapons during World War I. Disposing of a Bleach and Alcohol Mixture If you accidentally mix these chemicals and need to dispose of the waste, dont try to neutralize it. First, use caution and do not enter the contaminated area if you smell chloroform, which has a heavy, sweet-smelling odor. Once the smell begins to dissipate, dilute the mixture with large volumes of water and wash it down the drain as quickly as possible. Acetone and Bleach Although this is a less common mixture, do not mix acetone and bleach, either, as this reaction also produces chloroform: 3NaClO C3H6O → CHCl3   2NaOH NaOCOCH3 Ultimately, mixing bleach with any chemical except water is an extremely bad idea. Bleach reacts with vinegar, ammonia, and most household cleaners to produce toxic fumes.

Police Use of Deadly Force Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Police Use of Deadly Force - Research Paper Example Deadly force may also be used when a law enforcement officer is significantly threatened by a person particularly when the officer may be caused serious bodily harm to. This is governed in the US by Tennessee v. Garner according to which, â€Å"deadly force...may not be used unless necessary to prevent the escape and the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others† (â€Å"TENNESSEE, Appellant†). The exception of the Fleeing felon rule to the deadly force’s use was established with this case. In spite of the legal authorization to use the deadly force, thousands of officers prefer to adopt alternative approaches even when they have deadly force encounters. The attitude of police officers toward the use of deadly force is partly shaped by their work environment. Officers respond accordingly when their beat has a dangerous reputation by being ready to use the deadly fo rce. Use of deadly force is an issue that attracts a lot of controversy particularly when the firearm is discharged by a police officer. The reason for that is that on one hand, the police officers are given the right to use deadly force and on the other hand, police officers are questioned for the appropriateness of their action when they use this right. Another reason that makes it controversial is the subjectivity associated with the term â€Å"excessive† use of force since the criteria of measuring or evaluating the excess varies from one person to another depending upon his qualification, skills, and experience. â€Å"The term â€Å"excessive† is problematic, and defining it involves value judgments. Various criteria could be applied to an instance of use of force depending upon who is making this judgment† (Belur 3). According to the statistics noted by (Dwyer), police annually shot and killed 283 individuals by average between 1949 and 1976. There was a v ariation in the yearly range from 184 in the year 1962 to 409 in the year 1971. The yearly variation up to the year 1976 was 250 to 300. The yearly average number of justifiable homicides between 1977 and 1990 was 358 with the high occurring in the year 1980 at 457. The average number of justifiable homicides from 1991 to 2008 was 358 each year with the high of 386 in the year 2006 and another high of 398 in the year 2007. The study carried out by the Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics concluded that 55 per cent of the deaths related to arrest between 2003 and 2005 happened because of homicide by the law enforcement officers (â€Å"Study Examines Police†). Over a period of three years, the number of criminal suspects that lost their lives in police custody is over 2000 and almost half of them were assassinated by officers while they were attempting to flee. The author of the report, Christopher J. Mumola said, â€Å"Keep in mind we have 2,000 deaths out of alm ost 40 million arrests over three years, so that tells you by their nature they are very unusual cases†¦ Still, they do need to be looked at to determine whether police training can be better or practices can be better† (Mumola cited in â€Å"Study Examines Police†). The unusually high percentage of men i.e. 96 per cent compared to women who died in the custody according to this research’s findings is suggestive of the excessively high vulnerability of men for being the cause and victim of use of deadly force by policy

The Perspective of Moral law and Circumcision Essay

The Perspective of Moral law and Circumcision - Essay Example They are ones who do not consider Jesus as God instead believes that a Messiah will be the one to unite everyone towards the kingdom of God. Gentiles on the other hand are those people who are not seen as a descendant of Israel and at the same time people who do not see themselves as one, which often takes their right to worship God. However, they still do worship God based on His teachings told to them through different people chosen by God such as Moses. Now, after clearly setting enough light on what Gentiles and Jews were, it is now easier to know the difference between how each perceived moral law. The latter are those who obeyed the law based on their traditions rather than what God truly meant in His teachings. On the other hand, Gentiles are those who followed Jesus because they put importance in living under no other law but Christ’s (New International Version (NIV Bible) - Version Information - BibleGateway.com. (n.d.)). Thus, when it comes to the topic on circumcision in the olden days, each of them would have different purposes and attitude towards doing so. For the Jews, circumcision, which was one of the clearly stated teachings in the Old Testament was just an act they had to do to be able to avoid persecution from the people. Another reason why they do not really believe in circumcision being a holy and biblical act is because of the fact that even those that are circumcised sin. However, for Gentiles, circumcision is a whole different thing. Even when Gentiles are seen as those who do not have the law and not being the chosen people of God, they do things that are required by the law of God not only obeying by word but at the same time has the law written in their hearts (New International Version (NIV Bible) - Version Information - BibleGateway.com. (n.d.)). Thus, for them, circumcision is an act done to please God by not only getting circumcised but at the same time by observing the other laws and not just pick out the laws that might

Microcontrollers In Wireless Sensor Networks

Microcontrollers In Wireless Sensor Networks ABSTRACT: Now a days wireless sensor networks have been gaining interact with physical in world. Whereas these can be used in different applications in medical, military, roadside, industrial etc .In the wireless sensor network reducing power is the main importance. In wireless sensor network, which are using battery operated sensors need low-power component devices to increase the life time of the sensors and also gives rise for wireless sensor networks which prolongs the life time for sensor nodes. In this we explore about the three different microcontrollers in wireless sensor and also we discussed about the characteristics of the typical wireless sensor network application. They are Microchip, AVR and MSP430 series. By comparing this we conclude which is best for the wireless sensor network. Now a days these microcontrollers are commercially using in sensor nodes. 1. INTRODUCTION: A sensor node is a node which is able for performing some processing, collecting sensor informations and communicating with other connected nodes in a sensor network and it is also called as mode. These sensor nodes usually have very small computers and storage capability compared to desktop computers. This can be attributed to their use of very low power microcontrollers. Microcontrollers perform the main task in the sensor nodes i.e. processing the data and controlling the functions of the other components. These are some of the controllers using as Digital Signal Processors, Field Programmable Gate Array and applications. So microcontrollers are more suitable for sensor nodes. The best choice for embedded systems is to use microcontrollers because of the services providing by them, like it can connect to other devices more flexible and the power consumption is less. Digital Signal Processing is commandeering for broadband wireless communication, but according to wireless sensor networks the communication should be simple and easy to process. Field Programmable Gate Array are not used in wireless sensor network because it should required more time and energy for the reprogrammabling and reconfiguring to their usage. Application-specific Integrated circuits are performing as hardware where as microcontrollers are providing as softwares.So a wireless sensor network mostly uses microcontrollers. In this wireless sensor network we uses so many microcontrollers with different companies they are Microchip, Atmel etc. There are three different typical micro controllers which are used in wireless sensor network applications .they are Microchips, AVR series MSP430 series. 2. TYPICAL MICROCONTROLLERS USED IN WSN APPLICATIONS: 2.1. Microchips: PIC microcontrollers are made by microchip technologies limited. These are mainly used in industrial development due to their low cost and it has serial programming capability. The features for microchip are explained below. 2.1.1. Interrupt structure: In the PIC microcontroller interrupt structure is very simple but powerful, we can set the priority levels to the interrupts i.e., high or low and also these are useful for real time interrupts. 2.1.2. Instruction set: For the lower end PICs it varies about 35 instructions and for higher end PICs it varies about 80 instructions.pic micro controllers called as 8bit micro controllers because we have different PIC series for example PIC12 series size varies from 12bit and 30bits in the PIC30.in this single cycle execution with single delay cycle. 2.1.3. Memory architecture: PIC microcontrollers follow Harvard architecture nothing but separate code and data space. This microcontroller have number of register files which works as general purpose ram some of special purpose control registers for on chip researches. In this memory is divided in to banks. 2.1.4. Input and output features: For every microcontroller we have I/O ports, which are used for transceiver and analog to digital conversion interfacing. But for some of the PIC series microcontrollers have on-chip ADC, due to this we used direct for analogy data from the transducer.PIC series also having the hardware which can carry SPI out. 2.1.5. Applicability of low power techniques: These microcontrollers are able to operate over a wide frequency and voltage range which makes frequency scaling possible. Some of PIC series dont support frequency scaling but due to the external hardware they can support they are PIC12 and PIC16.but some PIC series supports the frequency scaling because of having the internal RC oscillator which can be used as clock. Due to this clock switching it takes time for result. 2.1.6. Low power sleep mode: By comparing the microcontrollers the PIC series microcontrollers are simplistic. Due to this lower end PICs doesnt have sleep modes. But for PIC16 microcontrollers it has only one sleep mode which was placed on processor core, for PIC18 series have two sleep modes if the peripherals are running then the core is shut-off and it is vice versa for second sleep mode. 2.1.7. Pipelining: PIC instruction takes one machine to execute i.e. 4 clock cycles. For execution it takes two phases fetch and execute. This is a two stage pipeline. 2.1.8. Shortcoming: PIC microcontrollers have a small set of instruction set but these are best comparing to RISC devices. But PIC architecture doesnt have more advantages compared to RISC.They are, it doesnt have load-store architecture, due to this the memory direction refers in arithmetic and logical instructions. By comparing to RISC processor, this PIC has only a single register but for RISC typically includes 16. 2.2. AVR series: The AVR series microcontroller is also fallows the Harvard architecture.ATMega128L microcontroller is widely used in sensor nodes. The features for AVR are explained below. 2.2.1. Interrupt structure: AVR microcontroller is a powerful interrupt structure for AVR interrupt execution is enabled for four clock cycle minimum. Then the program is executed. 2.2.2. Instruction set: The AVR ISA is more suitable than 8-bit microcontroller. The ATMEGA128 offer 133 powerful instructions. Each instruction takes one or two 16bit words. In this instruction set arithmetic operations work ob register R0-R32, but not directly on RAM. 2.2.3. Memory architecture: The Harvard architecture type AVR is based with programs and is stores data separately for performing and parallelism. Flash, EEPROM, SRAM are single integrated chip. The register file, input out registers, and SRAM are data address space. 2.2.4. I/O features: General purpose I/O ports are bi-directional. These AVRs has a built in ADC and Analog comparators. In AVR on Chip Debugging (OCD) support through JTAG.The flexible communication in AVR is serial peripheral interface and a two-wire serial interface and these are analog comparators. 2.2.5. Applicability of low power techniques: In this the low voltage is operating down to 1.8v.in this voltage is available and also frequency scaling also provided. 2.2.6. Low power sleeps modes: It also fix power sleep modes they are Idle, ADC noise reduction, power-save, power-down, stand by and extended stand by. 2.2.7. Pipelining: In this microcontroller each instruction occupies one or two cycles and it also consists of fetch and the execute cycle. It also has single level pipeline design. 2.3. MSP430: These types of microcontrollers are by Texas instruments. It is one of the lowest power consuming processor in the market at present. It is ideal for wireless applications and embedded systems. The features for MSP430 are explained below. 2.3.1. Interrupt structure: In the MSP430 microcontroller interrupt structure provides two timers and a watchdog timer. It is also a power interrupt structure. In this interrupts have fixed priority by ordering. 2.3.2. Instruction set: The MSP430 is a 16-bit RISC processor and it has common RISC features in ISA. in this controller it has 27 core instructions and 7 addressing modes are present. These are having three core instructions format they are operand, operands or a jamp.In this both dedicated stack and stack are available. 2.3.3. Memory architecture: These microcontrollers are also uses same space and data as per above discussed controllers. In this the entire ROM and RAM a single 16-bit pointer is used. This processor contains 16-bit register.R0 is a program counter,R1 is a stack pointer,R2 is a status register and R3 is a special register i.e. nothing but a constant generation.R4 to R15 is for general use. 2.3.4. I/O features: The host of I/O features are built in msp430.for interfacing devices like radio and transducers it has 10 I/O ports. UART and SPL support are available on the type of models. 2.3.5. Applicability of low power technique: For low power applications the msp430 is neutral. With the help of its supply voltage supervisor it can sample input voltage and at each time it can set below a software programmable threshold. 2.3.6. Low powers sleep modes: Six different power modes are available for msp430. Wakeup time is 6micro sec with the use of digital oscillator. 2.3.7. Pipelining: It is not a pipelining architecture. There is no pipeline because they have different number of cycles in instruction but the positive is the most instructions run in one cycle which doesnt make the processor too down. The maximum clock frequency is slower when compared to other because of it lack of pipeline and division of instruction cycle. 2.4. Comparison between PIC and AVR microcontrollers: In PIC microcontroller the memory architecture requires bank register to access 256 bytes of memory but for AVR no need of bank to access the data memory.PIC has only one general purpose register but AVR has 32 general purpose registers.PIC doesnt have SRAM where as AVR has SRAM that the stack is contained within SRAM in order to build the hardware stack.PIC18F and AT Mega having hardware multipliers where as AT Tiny and PIC16F dont having hardware multipliers.PIC is having high clock speed but it is divided by four to give the actual instruction rate. By comparing ATMega128L and MSP430 have rich instruction set and also it has a wide range of arithmetic instructions sets, many addressing modes. But in PIC18 and 8051 microcontrollers are limited. But PIC16 has add with carry instructions. The MSP430 has 40 digital pins, ATMega128L has 53 pins, PIC18 has 36, and PIC16 33 and 8051 has 37. 3. CONCLUSION: These microcontrollers are the central parts of any kind of sensors nodes. We have different types of microcontrollers in the present market which have almost same feature with the life of battery we can know the lifetime of the node. With the kind of memory access, instructions we known, how the execution of code is performed. The processing task can be done with more complex instructions, allowing more sleeping time to the system. It has the ability for self programming which is a useful feature. The efficient code will be generated with a well optimised version. But it doesnt deal well with the accumulator. Finally by comparing these three different microcontrollers MSP family series microcontrollers are better than the others. Because, its work better than the older microcontrollers and it completely dominates or rectifies the problem and works.

Comparing Sin in Fire From Heaven, Much Ado About Nothing, and The Flea :: comparison compare contrast essays

Sin in Fire From Heaven, Much Ado About Nothing, and The Flea In Fire from Heaven, Much Ado About Nothing, and The Flea, the authors take a stance on men and women committing sinful acts and using it as a main position in their work. They write from a very religious perspective which is probably due to the time period in which their work was written. They develop this idea in very different perspectives to get their point across. They express this position vividly throughout their work. David Underdown didn't live in this time period, but his work was a work of history and his ideas coincided with those of the Puritans. He uses these ideas to take a position on the Puritan's side and to better explain the good they were trying to achieve. The Puritans of Dorchester as we have learned about our reading, were a very religious group who wanted to create the perfect society. Their mission in Dorchester was to make extinct all the sinful acts of the townspeople. The struggle they started soon ended in failure. They were a definite influence upon his work. His views of sexual misconduct between married men and women being worse than that between unmarried people probably come from his growing up in a more modern world. The Puritans probably did distinguish some, but it wasn't very prominent or apparent. His makes this point clear in the passage, "Misbehavior among married people was especially serious, as it was likely to disrupt existing families, which were of course regarded as the essential foundations of any ordered, virtuous society(p.66)." The Puritan influence is very prominent in excerpt from the previous quote, "families,... the essential foundations of any ordered, virtuous society(p.66)." Underdown also makes a reference to the others towns in the area and how the Puritan presence made a difference, "It is unlikely that Dorchester people were any more, or any less, loose in their sexual habits than their neighbors in other place. But stories of their misdeeds even in the years of the puritan ascendancy are abundant(p.66)." With this passage the author shows how the presence of the Puritans changed the total view of the town and its people. Underdown used the sinful acts between men and women to draw out Comparing Sin in Fire From Heaven, Much Ado About Nothing, and The Flea :: comparison compare contrast essays Sin in Fire From Heaven, Much Ado About Nothing, and The Flea In Fire from Heaven, Much Ado About Nothing, and The Flea, the authors take a stance on men and women committing sinful acts and using it as a main position in their work. They write from a very religious perspective which is probably due to the time period in which their work was written. They develop this idea in very different perspectives to get their point across. They express this position vividly throughout their work. David Underdown didn't live in this time period, but his work was a work of history and his ideas coincided with those of the Puritans. He uses these ideas to take a position on the Puritan's side and to better explain the good they were trying to achieve. The Puritans of Dorchester as we have learned about our reading, were a very religious group who wanted to create the perfect society. Their mission in Dorchester was to make extinct all the sinful acts of the townspeople. The struggle they started soon ended in failure. They were a definite influence upon his work. His views of sexual misconduct between married men and women being worse than that between unmarried people probably come from his growing up in a more modern world. The Puritans probably did distinguish some, but it wasn't very prominent or apparent. His makes this point clear in the passage, "Misbehavior among married people was especially serious, as it was likely to disrupt existing families, which were of course regarded as the essential foundations of any ordered, virtuous society(p.66)." The Puritan influence is very prominent in excerpt from the previous quote, "families,... the essential foundations of any ordered, virtuous society(p.66)." Underdown also makes a reference to the others towns in the area and how the Puritan presence made a difference, "It is unlikely that Dorchester people were any more, or any less, loose in their sexual habits than their neighbors in other place. But stories of their misdeeds even in the years of the puritan ascendancy are abundant(p.66)." With this passage the author shows how the presence of the Puritans changed the total view of the town and its people. Underdown used the sinful acts between men and women to draw out

Transportations Effect on Social and Economic Change in America Between 1820 and 1860

In what ways did developments in transportation bring about economic and social change in the United States in the period 1820 to 1860?Between the 1820s and the 1860s, advances were being made in leaps and bounds, especially in transportation. From the invention of the cotton gin to interchangeable parts, mechanical advancements began to take effect. However, Americans were still walking on unprepared ground and taking longer to reach from point A to point B. Because of this boom in technology, in order to get material from one place to another, transportation innovations needed to take place. Thus sprang canals and steamboats to navigate these canals in a timely manner.Roads were created to make travel on horseback or horse-drawn chariots much faster and smoother. Railroads and the train were used to make interstate travel fast and efficient. However, these innovations in transportation did not just affect how fast an American got from point A to point B. Transportation developments also affected our country in other ways, such as economically and socially.Innovations in transportation such as canals, railroads and roads, had a major effect on United States. The Philadelphia Lancaster Turnpike was the first important road in America. It connected Philadelphia with rich farm lands in Lancaster. Because of the success of the turnpike, other states were more inclined to do the same. Cumberland Road was built which connected Maryland to Illinois. Canals impacted the US as well. In 1825 the Eerie Canal was opened starting in Albany by the Hudson River to Buffalo (Great Lakes). This enthused economic growth.Tolls were placed along the length of these turnpikes and canals in order to repay construction costs. Railroads changed small rural towns to commercial metropolises. Railroads began developing in the 1830s and it connected water routes when it was first created. By the 1860s there was approximately 30,000 miles of track. Capital to finance railroads came from pr ivate investors, abroad, and local governments. Fed government gave public land grants to railroads. These transportation developments have great economic and social change in the United States.When it comes to the economic aspect of the country due to the innovations in transportation, we really see a tremendous amount of growth in the North.  Due to many Englishmen who brought their blueprints and ideas along with themselves and who settled mostly in the North, manufacturing and industry began to spread throughout the Union. North and South began to cooperate more in industry, the South providing â€Å"King Cotton† and the North turning that cotton into textiles, the first industry in America.Because westward expansion was now beginning, the problem on conveyance of goods from East to West and vice versa was presented. Therefore, canals, railroads and roads were necessary, the most effective of the three being canals; railroads were used carriage of large amounts of goods , which is still the case today. The ability to get goods from one location to another in a matter of days rather than weeks increased supply and capital.There were also social changes that took place due to transportation. Exploration was easier and the grip of the government was more extensive. Also, because of the economic changes, changes in the social ladder also took place. In the North, the wealthy upper class owned the factories while the lower class worked â€Å"on the floor†. Because of this, the middle class began to shrink until there was a very few amount of Americans that could claim to be middle class. In the South, the same could be true, in a different sense though. Rather than the wealthy owning factories, they owned land, where they grew their precious cotton. The lower class either worked as servants or in the fields, however, the latter was uncommon due to slavery.Due to the advances in transportation, these changes took place. Whether they were for good or bad is up to us to decide. In my opinion, the economic changes were beneficial to America as a whole. Goods were transported quickly and effectively which increased the total revenue for the nation as a whole and more money means funding for other projects that will eventually benefit the country even more. However, the social changes really affected the country in a negative way. Because of the division of classes, people were treated inferior to others and from there sprang grudges and disputes. Slaves were treated as animals and this lead to the Civil War. Sadly, many of those feelings have continued down to this day. Nevertheless, between 1820 and 1860 transportation shifted the infrastructure and economy of the  USA.

Sociology