Auroral Storms Across the Solar System

Every so often the Sun kicks a bunch of plasma out in the form of a coronal mass ejection, sometimes at the same time as a solar flare. These outbursts are part of what makes living with a star like the Sun so exciting. If that material just fell back into the Sun, wed have some great views of arching filaments draining their material to the solar surface. But, they dont always stick around. The material rides out from the Sun on the solar wind (a stream of charged particles that moves a few hundred kilometers a second (and sometimes faster)). Eventually it arrives at Earth and the other planets, and when it does, it interacts with the magnetic fields of the planets (and moons, such as Io, Europa, and Ganymede).   When the solar wind slams into a world with a magnetic field, powerful electrical currents are set up,  which can have interesting effects, particularly on Earth. Charged particles sizzle in the upper atmosphere (called the ionosphere), and the result is a phenomenon called space weather. The effects of space weather can be as lovely as a display of northern and southern lights and (at Earth) as deadly as a power outage, communications failures, and threats to humans working in space. Interestingly, Venus experiences auroral storms, even though the planet doesnt have its own magnetic field. In this case, particles from the solar wind slam into the planets upper atmosphere and the energy-driven interactions make the gases glow.   These storms have also been seen on Jupiter and Saturn (particularly when northern and southern lights emit strong ultraviolet radiation from those planets polar regions). And, theyve been known to occur on Mars. In fact, the MAVEN mission at Mars measured a very deep-reaching auroral storm on the Red Planet, which the spacecraft began detecting around Christmastime of 2014. The glow was not in visible light, such as wed see here on Earth, but in the ultraviolet. It was seen in the Martian northern hemisphere and it seemed to extend deep into the atmosphere. O On Earth, auroral disturbances occur typically around 60 to 90 kilometers up. The Martian aurorae were caused by charged particles form the Sun striking the upper atmosphere and energizing atoms of gas there. That wasnt the first time aurorae had been seen at Mars. In August 2004, the Mars Express orbiter detected an auroral storm in progress over a region on Mars called Terra Cimmeria. Mars Global Surveyor found evidence of a magnetic anomaly in the crust of the planet at the same region. The aurora was likely caused as charged particles moving along magnetic field lines in the area, which in turn caused atmospheric gases to be energized.   Saturn has been known to sport auroras, as has the planet Jupiter. Both planets have very strong magnetic fields, and so their existence is no surprise. Saturns are bright in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectrum of light and astronomers usually see them as bright circles of light over the poles. Like Saturns aurorae, Jupiters auroral storms are visible around the poles and are very frequent. They are quite complex, and sport little bright spots that correspond to interactions with the moons Iio, Ganymede, and Europa.   Aurorae arent limited to the largest gas giants. It turns out that Uranus and Neptune also have these same storms caused by interactions with the solar wind. They are detectable with instruments on board Hubble Space Telescope.   The existence of aurorae on other worlds gives planetary scientists a chance to study magnetic fields on those worlds (if they exist), and to trace the interaction between the solar wind and those fields and atmospheres. As a result of this work, theyre getting a much better understanding of the interiors of those worlds, the complexities of their atmospheres, and their magnetospheres.

The French And Indian War On The Relationship - 894 Words

The Result of the French and Indian War on the Relationship between England and its American Colonies The years of 1754-1763 were turbulent ones in North America. Restlessness took form in the French and Indian war, where French land in North America was fought over. When the war ended, the French land was ceded over to England and Spain, which resulted in serious alterations in the relationship between Britain and the American colonies. The French and Indian war changed the characteristics of British taxation which united the previously separated colonies against a common cause and spurred on the colonists fight for independence. Initially, the war modified how Britain taxed and enforced laws against its colonies. This came about because after the war, England found itself in enormous debt, and began to search for a way to start paying it back and restore the economy. One way to earn money, as explained by the British treasury, was to fix the situation in the colonies, where the money being spent to collect taxes was greater than the actual income. The new round of taxes began with the Sugar Act, Britain’s attempt to pay for the upkeep of the British army in America. The colonies response to this, especially in Boston, was to boycott the tax. They reacted as such because they argued that the tax wasn’t justified due to their belief that they didn’t have representation in parliament, however, Britain countered the argument with the idea of â€Å"virtual representation† andShow MoreRelatedFrench and Indian War: Relationship between America and Britain945 Words   |  4 Pages Th e effects after the French and Indian War created an unbalanced relationship between Britain and the British colonies. The victory allowed Britain to expand their territory, but also brought Britain in great debt. Britain believed that Parliament should have more authority over the colonists and so they put in Acts to enforce their rules. The many different Acts created resentment throughout the colonies towards their mother country. The French and Indian War also had the effect on the coloniesRead MoreFrench and Indian War in the Colonies Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact in the war of the French and Indian war. The Seven Years War (called the French and Indian War in the colonies) lasted from 1756 to 1763, forming a chapter in the imperial struggle between Britain and France called the Second Hundred Years War. In the early 1750s, Frances expansion into the Ohio River valley repeatedly brought it into conflict with the claims of the British colonies, especially Virginia. When Robert Dinwiddie, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, learned that the French had buildRead MoreThe Political Consequences Of The French And Indian War740 Words   |  3 Pages The French and Indian War was between the French and the English over the Ohio Valley within the years of 1754 and 1763. It started when a series of battles occurred in Ohio Valley. Ohio Valley was claimed by both the British and the French as their territory, which created serious conflict. The British were ultimately victorious, but suffered losses as well. As a result of The French and Indian war the political, economical, and ideological aspects were altered significantly between Britain andRead MoreThe Battle Of The Revolutionary War961 Words   |  4 Pagesof the North American Indian tribes in these areas affiliated themselves with either the French or British troops. The relatively small population of the French relied on the manpower of their Indian allies in warfare. Even though the British had a larger population, they too depended on the Indians for support during battles. This intense competition for an alliance with different Indian tribes led to a complex relation ship between the Indians and Europeans. The Indians aligned themselves withRead MoreCompare and Contrast He American and British Views Regarding the French and Indian War.604 Words   |  3 PagesThe French and Indian War, was a war fought between France and Britain. The war was the product of an imperial struggle, a clash between the French and English over colonial territory and wealth. Great Britain claimed that the French provoked war by building forts along the Ohio River Valley. Virginia’s governor sent a militia to the French and Native American allies. The war started out badly for Great Britain, about 2,000 British and colonial troops were defeated by the French and Native AmericansRead MoreEssay Early European Exploration1055 Words   |  5 Pagescontinent. Thus began an inconsistent and often times unstable relationship between the European settlers and the North American Indians. Two nations who had particularly interesting relationships with the Native Amer icans were the British and the French, both of whom took different approaches to their relations with the Indians economically as well as culturally. Neither nation had complete trust for the Indians, nor did the Indians ever completely trust the men who arrived on floating islandsRead MoreSource Analysis Us History Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesUs†: Native American Views as British Replace the French in the Lower Mississippi Valley, 1765 2.) Answer the following questions based on a reading of the above document and material from your textbook. -------------------------------------------- 1.) TYPE OF DOCUMENT: Is this a primary or a secondary source? -Primary 2.) DATE(S) OF DOCUMENT: When was this document created? -It was created shortly after the British replaced the French in the Lower Mississippi Valley in 1765 3.) AUTHORRead MoreThe Legacy Of The American Indian War1544 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Our nation was born in genocide when it embraced the doctrine that the original American, the Indian, was an inferior race. Even before there were large numbers of Negroes on our shore, the scar of racial hatred had already disfigured colonial society. From the sixteenth century forward, blood flowed in battles over racial supremacy. We are perhaps the only nation which tried as a matter of national policy to wipe out its indigenous population† (Martin Luther King Jr.). It is said, that startingRead MoreThe Causes of the Seven Years War1814 Words   |  7 PagesThe French and Indian war represents the generic notion for what is known in the history of the European continent as the Seven Years War. This war represented an important moment in the history of the United States, despite the fact that the actual confrontation and the political disputes had included the French and the British. A lthough the political matters were related to the colonial issues the two sides had on the European continent, the major battlefield in this sense were disputed in theRead MoreIroquois : Native Life, Assimilation, And War1554 Words   |  7 PagesIroquois: Native Life, Assimilation, and War The Iroquois nations, one of the oldest and most prestigious tribes in the history of all Native Americans. In this paper I will be showing why the Iroquois ended up siding with the English through the French and Indian, and Revolutionary wars through factors of colonization. I will also be showing some features of their culture, considering the iroquois are not well known in the western United States, and discussing the fall of the once great tribes.

How can an individual perceive good art Essay Example For Students

How can an individual perceive good art Essay Some people prefer sculpture based on Greek Mythology, while others appreciate portraits of famous people or even abstract paintings. The diversity of choices from people is because of the different elements and principles of art. During my visit to the Arts Factory, I came across different works of art varying from simple paintings to totally random creations. One painting by Mad Von Rooney entitled, Purgatory is a Fun House captured my attention. It is made up of mixed media and is 24 x 36 inches. A formal analysis will be used to describe this painting through some of the elements of art. These are time and motion; scale, proportion, emphasis and focal point; and unity, balance, pattern and rhythm. First, we will analyze the painting based on time and motion. Since time cannot be directly shown through a painting, the artist divided his work into sections. It shows on the left side of the painting how the angel is going to heaven with escalator going upstairs and the devil is going downstairs to hell. Then the scene shifted to the top portion when the angel and devil looked into each others eyes with anger. The purgatory itself was shown in the background on the lower right portion of the painting. Implied motion was also shown on the elevator by the diagonal lines and the arrow sign pointing upwards. The flame on the lower left corner used stroboscopic motion. Incorporating passage of time to a painting can truly show the exceptional ability of an artist. Second, we will discuss scale, proportion, emphasis and focal point. This painting uses distorted scale to create a supernatural effect to emphasize the purgatory. The skull and the face were enlarged while the devil on the middle right sitting on the face were kept in the same proportion as the graves. As we look in the painting, the artist wants to put emphasis on the purgatory through the use of bright colors. In this composition, there are three focal points: the purgatory, the scene ate the escalator, and the eye contact between the angel and the devil. We can create an invisible triangle between these focal points. Sometimes, manipulating size and proportion is necessary to create a visual impact and emphasis on a work of art. The last set of elements of art to be observed would be unity, balance, pattern and rhythm. As you look into the artwork, it would seem really chaotic at first. In reality, the artist employed randomness to create a visual balance. He used simple repetitive rhythm when he drew the graves in the background of the painting. Since no one actually knows what purgatory looks like, he helps us perceive things through conceptual unity. All the objects included in the painting share the same visual attributes the artist had imagined. Asymmetrical balance was displayed by dividing the painting into section. Even though none of the three sections are identical, the color and contrast of each created harmony. Human creativity is truly magnificent. Visual ideas can pop out in an instant, either consciously or subconsciously. The degree of creativity varies from person to person. It is up to us how are we going to make use of that creativity. Some people apply that to music, some to dance or even drawing. In the end, their works are called art, something that links everyone together.

National Language Essays - Language Acquisition, Multilingualism

National Language Good Morning Recently the United States Congress has been debating whether or not to declare that English is the national language of the United States and that all instruction in public schools is in English. There is no question what the language of this country is, it is irrefutably English, it was the language of our Founding Fathers and the language that the Declaration of Independence was written in, as well as the United States Constitution. I resolutely believe that the United States Congress should make this declaration. There are of course other matters at hand with teaching English to non-English speaking people. As we have seen in countries like Belgium and Canada, opposing language-speaking sides argue over what the official language should be. This has lead to enormous divisiveness in those countries and could lead to their splitting up into separate countries. This is particularly true of Canada where the French-speaking population of the province of Quebec is considering seceding from the rest of Canada, where most people speak English. The government of Canada has spent millions of dollars on bilingual education, which nevertheless has caused the polarization of society. According to a Canadian commentator, Fred Hamilton, it costs with about 30 million people 350 million dollars a year to maintain a satisfactory bilingual education system. It could cost the United States ten times that amount. Do we want our country to be divided as much as Canada is because of language? And in the case of Canada we are only talking about the division caused by two languages, namely, English and French, but if in the United States instruction is given in all languages other than English, then ten or more languages may have to be taught. Do we really want this to happen here? Suppose everyone went to different classes everyday. For instance, the Chinese children go to their classes, the Russians to theirs, and Spanish to theirs and the English speakers go to their Standard English classes. What is going to happen to the relationship between different ethnic groups? They will just become farther and farther apart. This is what bilingual education is doing to our children, segregating the country. Haven't you seen all those commercials about everybody being different and to get along, like on Nickelodeon? Well if we are split up so much we will not even know the other kids. If Congress finally declares that English be the official language, the country will become closer and racial discrimination will lessen, because everyone will be able to speak the same language. The only problem is teaching everybody English. If good jobs and a nice lifestyle are wanted (you know, the American dream), good English has to be fluently read, written and spoken. A non-English-speaking person can't just have the educational background and not know English fluently, because what would you be able to do to make a decent living. Therefore, learning English should be the main goal of all non-English-speaking people in this country. In bilingual education the children learn elementary studies in their language and are meant to convert them over to English, but normally they focus on the subjects and forget about learning English. According to the Federal Government's Office of Bilingual Education, in the 1992-93 academic year, 2.7 million school children were classified as LEP, or ?Low English Proficiency,? out of a school population of 51.3 million. That is about five percent, but this figure grows every year. As a result many of these children will not end up with good jobs. We should avoid dumbing-down our citiz enship standards and sustain the English proficiency. The only way to do this is by teaching English until the person knows it fluently, and only then can the person go into mainstream English classes. The best way to do this is by learning English half the day and taking normal classes like math and history, but in English, for the other half. In the January 31, 1999 edition of New York Times Magazine, Nonna Yelan's Russian class, Wang Ip's Chinese class and Luisa Martinez's Spanish-speaking classes are discussed. These are all bilingual education classes. In Nonna Yelan's and Wang Ip's classes, the children dive right into English